Author: Natasha Olson, PharmD, Senior Manager of Clinical Communications & Outreach, NCODA

In the 16th century, Paracelsus (aka Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), revolutionized the field of medicine by advocating the use of chemicals and minerals in medical treatments. A Swiss physician and alchemist, Paracelsus challenged the prevailing medical practices of his time, which were largely based on ancient Greek and Roman theories of humors and natural elements. He introduced the concept that disease was rooted in chemical imbalances and external agents, rather than imbalances of the four humors. 

Paracelsus is often credited as the father of toxicology due to his pioneering idea that “the dose makes the poison,” emphasizing that substances can be therapeutic or toxic depending on the dose. He believed in using specific chemical compounds to target specific ailments, which laid the groundwork for modern pharmacology. Paracelsus experimented with various minerals and metals, such as mercury, sulfur, and iron, to create early forms of medicine. 

His innovative approach led to the development of early pharmaceuticals, marking a significant departure from traditional herbal remedies. Paracelsus’s work paved the way for future advancements in medicine and pharmacology, emphasizing the importance of observation, experimentation, and the use of chemical substances in treatment. His legacy continues to influence medical science, highlighting the enduring impact of his groundbreaking contributions to the field.