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Optimizing Subcutaneous Therapy: Key Considerations and Collaborative Opportunities

Published Date: June 23, 2025

Author: Mary K. Anderson, BSN, RN, OCN | Sr. Manager of Nursing Membership and Professional Development, NCODA
In recent years, the oncology landscape has witnessed a marked shift toward the subcutaneous (SC) administration of cancer drug therapies. This evolution is driven by innovations in drug formulation, including the addition of hyaluronidase to biologic medications that have traditionally been infused intravenously. More than half of the bispecific T-cell engager monoclonal antibodies (mAb) approved in 2022 and 2023 are given SC.1
Benefits
One of the key advantages of SC anticancer therapies is the convenience they offer. For patients, shorter infusion times mean less time spent in the clinic and more time for daily activities. This is also
advantageous for patients and caregivers who are required to take time away from work. Additionally, the reduced time burden may improve patients’ overall adherence to their treatment regimen.
Operationally, the shift to SC delivery translates to shorter chair times and the potential for increased patient throughput without sacrificing quality of care. Clinically, SC delivery of biologics reduces the risk of hypersensitivity reactions and eliminates the need for dose titration often used during IV
administration of mAb. Moreover, healthcare systems can experience a reduction in operational costs due to decreased infusion-related resource demands, such as IV equipment, pharmacy preparation time, infusion suite capacity, and nursing hours.
Challenges
Despite the recognized advantages, challenges and opportunities exist for practices and clinicians in the medically integrated oncology space. Inconsistencies in administration techniques, volume tolerance, site selection and speed of injection can lead to variability in patient outcomes and nurse confidence.
Historically, nurses are taught and accustomed to a maximum SC injection volume of 2ml. However, new formulations may require SC injection volumes up to 15ml. Nurses must be knowledgeable about SC administration considerations across a wide range of drug formulations. This includes employing proper techniques to prevent inadvertent intramuscular injection, selection of appropriate needle size, angle, and bevel orientation to minimize patient discomfort, and appropriate methods to reduce post-injection leakage.2
Equipment inconsistencies, especially with high-volume SC drugs, further complicate workflows and limited evidence exists to guide best practices for equipment selection. Options include a direct syringe push, winged butterfly infusion set, or electronic syringe pump.

Administering large-volume injections can pose ergonomic challenges for nurses, especially in situations that require maintaining positions for extended periods, thus increasing physical strain.

Operationally, the increased patient flow enabled by faster SC administration requires adjustment in scheduling, staffing, and documentation practices, particularly in high-volume clinics.

Regardless of the challenges, as more SC formulations gain FDA approval, the appeal to both patients and providers will continue to grow.

NCODA’s Role in Bridging Gaps: Nursing Expertise at the Forefront

To address these challenges and support best practices, NCODA has convened a working group of 11 oncology nursing subject matter experts from diverse practice settings across the country. This group has conducted a comprehensive survey to identify current practice gaps, with the most cited need being enhanced nursing education on SC administration techniques tailored to various medications. Nurses reported relying heavily on manufacturer’s sales representatives and clinical educators, underscoring the need for robust, standardized, and nurse-accessible resources. The formation and engagement of this group affirms the critical role of nursing voices in shaping sustainable, sponsor-supported implementation strategies.

Looking Ahead: Partnering for Progress

The subcutaneous subject matter experts are eager to continue advancing SC therapy delivery through focused collaboration with NCODA’s partners. Opportunities for collaboration include partnering on:

  • Clinical roundtable discussionsto share perspectives on practical challenges and approaches to SC administration in different practice settings.
  • Focused feedback groupsto help shape nurse-centered education tools that reflect day-to-day realities.
  • Development of educational materialsdesigned to support nurses at the point of care—such as guidance on administration techniques or workflow adaptations.
  • Resources to improve operational support, including documentation practices, staffing considerations, and resource allocation for SC delivery.
  • By supporting these initiatives, NCODA partners can help advance optimal therapy delivery while fostering collaboration with leading oncology practices.Together, we can close knowledge gaps, empower oncology nurses, and ensure that SC therapies reach their full potential in improving patient care.

Additional Information

Starr, B. (2024, July 11) Administration considerations amid the large-volume subcutaneous injection revolution. ONS Voice. https://www.ons.org/publications-research/voice/news-views/07-2024/administration-considerations-amid-large-volume

 

Eisenberg, S. (2021). Subcutaneous administration: Evolution, challenges, and the role of hyaluronidase. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 25(6), 663–671. https://doi.org/10.1188/21.CJON.663-671